El Salvador El Pequeño Gigante: Arquitecto y Constructor del Buen Vivir - 1ra parte.

El Salvador
El Pequeño Gigante:
Arquitecto y Constructor del Buen Vivir




EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
CAUSAS:



  
EFECTOS:








      
A nivel mundial, entre las causas peores de la contaminación y el cambio climático, la industria de la construcción desforesta la tierra a lo largo de los ríos. Así debilita fuentes del agua. El procesamiento de concreto y cemento implica grandes emisiones de gases que causan el cambio climático.



En el campo, por todas partes del mundo, la gente camina cada vez más lejos para colectar la leña y cada vez más lejos para colectar el agua. Hay una relación bien estrecha entre la desforestación y la falta del agua.  El estrés hídrico ocurre cuando no hay suficiente agua para los usos más básicos para los seres humanos y las especies locales.





En El Salvador las áreas forestales más estratégicas como la Cordillera del Bálsamo y El Espino son taladas porque es mucho más lucrativo para las empresas constructoras eliminar árboles para crear casas de lujo, centros comerciales o canchas de golf. 





Al final, lo que quedaría ni es rentable para las grandes empresas.

Recuperando el Agua, Alimentos y Aire por “Bosques Comestibles”

En un mundo calentando, cultivando granos básicos será cada vez más difícil. Hay que contemplar otras fuentes y reservas de alimentos cuando los granos básicos no dan. Los árboles con frutos comestibles o plantas perennes que no requieren una siembra anual, nos pueden ofrecer alternativas más sostenibles y resistentes al cambio climático.

    
  
   
Perspectivas para un futuro del cambio climático:
Sembrar sin Cosechar o Cosechar sin Sembrar



En el mundo marcado por el cambio climático hay que contemplar el menú de mañana, o sea el desayuno, almuerzo y cena para las niñas y niños de hoy…cuando sean adultos. Crítico en su habilidad de sobrevivir es asegurar fuentes del agua y alimentos. De hecho, una reforestación amplia y estratégica de árboles con frutos comestibles nos pueden ofrecer agua, alimentos y aire.



Entre sus deleites, el menú de la Madre Tierra puede incluir:

Almendra, Amaranto, Anona, Alcapate, Árbol del Pan, Albahaca, Aguacate, Bambú, Coyol Cuiliote, Chufle, Caimito, Carambola, Cereta, Chiltepe, Chintorolo, Cuchamper, Chucte, Chipilín, Chaparrón, Cochinilla o Susto, Castaño, Carao, Chan, Capulín, Copinol, Cacao,  Coco, Chinterola, Copapayo, Chaya, Guayabillo, Güisquil, Guapinol, Guineo, Guanábana, Guaycume, Granada, Guayaba, Guácimo o Caulote, Guacoco, Huisnay, Hijo de piña, Izote, Icaco, Irayol, Jícama Silvestre, Jagua, Jaiba, Jocote, Loroco, Limón, Lima, Moringa, Marañón, Morro, Maranito, Malanga, Maracuyá, Matasano o Tapaculo, Mora, Madre Cacao, Mango, Manzanita, Mamón, Ñame, Naranja, Níspero, Nance, Ojushte, Piñuela, Pitahaya, Papas del Aire, Piña, Papaya, Pacaya, Paterna, Pepeto, Pito, Pinal, Palo de Hule, Quilete, Sihuanper, Santamaría, Sincuia, Toronja, Tiguilote, Tule, Uva cimarrona, Zapote, Zapotillo amarillo etc.              
…………………………………..¡Buen Provecho!                                                                                                    


Dentro de la realidad de El Salvador existe un déficit habitacional de aproximadamente 700,000




  
La Madre Tierra nos ofrece un rayo de esperanza


Dentro de los cofres de tesoro de la Madre Tierra existen alternativas para el desarrollo sostenible. Existen fuentes renovables de materia prima capaz de proveer dignidad humana a todo el pueblo, sin quemar, talar, minar, envenenar o explotar nuestros entornos.



El bambú estructural es una fuente renovable, casi inagotable. Un arbol cortado es un arbol muerto. No se tala el bambú; se poda. El bambú puede sobrevivir cosecha tras cosecha. El bambú técnicamente es grama, no es árbol.




El bambú estructural tiene la fuerza similar al acero.


Se ha preguntado: “¿Qué es el valor de una casa del bambú y cuanto cuesta?

El valor de una casa que da dignidad a un pueblo es infinito. Los costos son más que todo, la materia prima más la mano de obra. El pueblo puede cultivar la materia prima localmente y ser capacitado en el manejo del bambú y en la construcción.



Con el bambú, tipo Asper o Guadua, especies estructurales, se puede construir de una forma vertical. Dentro de un país pequeño, con mucha presión poblacional, es posible construir casas de algunas plantas de altura para dejar tierra libre para realizar una reforestación amplia y estratégica.


Las casas y estructuras de bambú pueden aguantar terremotos fuertes y huracanes intensos.




En muchas partes del mundo, se utiliza madera para construir casas. Esto requiere la tala de muchos árboles y la destrucción de áreas forestales. Una vez cortado y cosechado, el bambú sigue creciendo.

Con proyectos de ayuda mutua, con el bambú cultivado localmente, se puede construir casas dignas.



Podemos vivir dentro de los límites impuestos por la Madre Tierra y lograr la dignidad humana.




Se ha cuestionado si puentes rústicos de bambú pueden aguantar el peso humano.





Si se puede. Y aun más.





Se ha comprobado que son perfectamente aptos para aguantar un tráfico vehicular pesado y constante. Se utiliza el bambú para una gran variedad de estructuras de importancia social.

  
              
                 
    
Para generar un eco-economía popular, se necesita un amplio abastecimiento de materia prima. Construyendo y confeccionando con el bambú puede ayudar al país superar un modelo económico en el cual se importan bienes de valor agregado y se exportan las ganancias. Así la riqueza se va y la pobreza queda.

Construir y Confeccionar sin Destruir también salva nuestro medio ambiente. En lugar de utilizar materiales tan contaminantes como concreto, cemento, hierro y acero, se puede usar materiales que no implican la destrucción de nuestros entornos. El bambú en particular ayuda inmensamente en la recuperación ambiental y en la lucha en contra del cambio climático.


El bambú gana su firmeza precisamente porque succiona 35% más dióxido de carbono que los árboles. También emite 35% más oxigeno, ayudando a filtrar el aire que respiramos.



El bambú promueve la formación de mantos acuíferos.


  


Las raíces del bambú absorben cantidades de agua cuando sienten que la tierra está sobresaturada. Pero, el bambú no es egoísta. Cuando siente la sequedad de la tierra, libera el agua, así controlando la humedad de los suelos. Son como compuertas naturales de la tierra.




El entretejido de las raíces del bambú, amarra la tierra para evitar la fuga de nutrientes de los suelos, previniendo la erosión, un factor gravemente afectando la fertilidad de suelos en El Salvador. Mientras las raíces amarran los suelos, la abundancia de su hojarasca es generadora de capas fértiles de suelo  en pocos años.




Esto significa la deforestation, la que causa un gran estrés hídrico:



Esta cosecha del bambú no significa la desforestación. Significa cortar la grama.








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