El Salvador El Pequeño Gigante: Arquitecto y Constructor del Buen Vivir - 1ra parte.
El Salvador
El Pequeño Gigante:
Arquitecto y Constructor del Buen Vivir
El Pequeño Gigante:
Arquitecto y Constructor del Buen Vivir
EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
CAUSAS:
EFECTOS:
A nivel
mundial, entre las causas peores de la contaminación y el cambio climático, la
industria de la construcción desforesta la tierra a lo largo de los ríos. Así
debilita fuentes del agua. El procesamiento de concreto y cemento implica
grandes emisiones de gases que causan el cambio climático.
En el campo, por todas partes del mundo, la gente
camina cada vez más lejos para colectar la leña y cada vez más lejos para
colectar el agua. Hay una relación bien estrecha entre la desforestación y la
falta del agua. El estrés hídrico ocurre
cuando no hay suficiente agua para los usos más básicos para los seres humanos
y las especies locales.
En El
Salvador las áreas forestales más estratégicas como la Cordillera del Bálsamo y
El Espino son taladas porque es mucho más lucrativo para las empresas
constructoras eliminar árboles para crear casas de lujo, centros comerciales o
canchas de golf.
Al final, lo que quedaría ni es rentable para las grandes empresas.
Recuperando el Agua, Alimentos y Aire por “Bosques Comestibles”
En un mundo calentando, cultivando granos básicos será cada vez más
difícil. Hay que contemplar otras fuentes y reservas de alimentos cuando los
granos básicos no dan. Los árboles con frutos comestibles o plantas perennes que
no requieren una siembra anual, nos pueden ofrecer alternativas más sostenibles
y resistentes al cambio climático.
Perspectivas para un futuro del cambio climático:
Sembrar sin Cosechar o Cosechar sin Sembrar
En el mundo marcado
por el cambio climático hay que contemplar el menú de mañana, o sea el
desayuno, almuerzo y cena para las niñas y niños de hoy…cuando sean adultos.
Crítico en su habilidad de sobrevivir es asegurar fuentes del agua y alimentos.
De hecho, una reforestación amplia y estratégica de árboles con frutos comestibles
nos pueden ofrecer agua, alimentos y aire.
Entre sus deleites, el menú de la Madre Tierra puede
incluir:
Almendra, Amaranto, Anona, Alcapate, Árbol del Pan,
Albahaca, Aguacate, Bambú, Coyol Cuiliote, Chufle, Caimito, Carambola, Cereta, Chiltepe,
Chintorolo, Cuchamper, Chucte, Chipilín, Chaparrón, Cochinilla o Susto,
Castaño, Carao, Chan, Capulín, Copinol, Cacao,
Coco, Chinterola, Copapayo, Chaya, Guayabillo, Güisquil, Guapinol,
Guineo, Guanábana, Guaycume, Granada, Guayaba, Guácimo o Caulote, Guacoco,
Huisnay, Hijo de piña, Izote, Icaco, Irayol, Jícama Silvestre, Jagua, Jaiba,
Jocote, Loroco, Limón, Lima, Moringa, Marañón, Morro, Maranito, Malanga,
Maracuyá, Matasano o Tapaculo, Mora, Madre Cacao, Mango, Manzanita, Mamón,
Ñame, Naranja, Níspero, Nance, Ojushte, Piñuela, Pitahaya, Papas del Aire,
Piña, Papaya, Pacaya, Paterna, Pepeto, Pito, Pinal, Palo de Hule, Quilete,
Sihuanper, Santamaría, Sincuia, Toronja, Tiguilote, Tule, Uva cimarrona, Zapote,
Zapotillo amarillo etc.
…………………………………..¡Buen
Provecho!
Dentro de la realidad de El Salvador existe un déficit habitacional de
aproximadamente 700,000
La Madre Tierra nos ofrece un rayo de esperanza
Dentro de los cofres de tesoro de la Madre Tierra existen alternativas
para el desarrollo sostenible. Existen fuentes renovables de materia prima
capaz de proveer dignidad humana a todo el pueblo, sin quemar, talar, minar,
envenenar o explotar nuestros entornos.
El bambú estructural es una fuente renovable, casi inagotable. Un arbol
cortado es un arbol muerto. No se tala el bambú; se poda. El bambú puede
sobrevivir cosecha tras cosecha. El bambú técnicamente es grama, no es árbol.
El bambú
estructural tiene la fuerza similar al acero.
Se ha
preguntado: “¿Qué es el valor de una casa del bambú y cuanto cuesta?
El valor de
una casa que da dignidad a un pueblo es infinito. Los costos son más que todo,
la materia prima más la mano de obra. El pueblo puede cultivar la materia prima
localmente y ser capacitado en el manejo del bambú y en la construcción.
Con el bambú, tipo Asper o Guadua, especies
estructurales, se puede construir de una forma vertical. Dentro de un país
pequeño, con mucha presión poblacional, es posible construir casas de algunas
plantas de altura para dejar tierra libre para realizar una reforestación
amplia y estratégica.
Las casas y estructuras de bambú pueden aguantar
terremotos fuertes y huracanes intensos.
En muchas partes del mundo, se utiliza madera para
construir casas. Esto requiere la tala de muchos árboles y la destrucción de
áreas forestales. Una vez cortado y cosechado, el bambú sigue creciendo.
Con
proyectos de ayuda mutua, con el bambú cultivado localmente, se puede construir
casas dignas.
Podemos vivir dentro de los límites impuestos por la
Madre Tierra y lograr la dignidad humana.
Se ha
cuestionado si puentes rústicos de bambú pueden aguantar el peso humano.
Si se puede.
Y aun más.
Se ha comprobado que son perfectamente aptos para
aguantar un tráfico vehicular pesado y constante. Se utiliza el bambú para una
gran variedad de estructuras de importancia social.
Para generar
un eco-economía popular, se necesita un amplio abastecimiento de materia prima.
Construyendo y confeccionando con el bambú puede ayudar al país superar un
modelo económico en el cual se importan bienes de valor agregado y se exportan
las ganancias. Así la riqueza se va y la pobreza queda.
Construir y
Confeccionar sin Destruir también salva nuestro medio ambiente. En lugar de
utilizar materiales tan contaminantes como concreto, cemento, hierro y acero,
se puede usar materiales que no implican la destrucción de nuestros entornos.
El bambú en particular ayuda inmensamente en la recuperación ambiental y en la
lucha en contra del cambio climático.
El bambú
gana su firmeza precisamente porque succiona 35% más dióxido de carbono que los
árboles. También emite 35% más oxigeno, ayudando a filtrar el aire que
respiramos.
El bambú
promueve la formación de mantos acuíferos.
Las raíces del
bambú absorben cantidades de agua cuando sienten que la tierra está sobresaturada.
Pero, el bambú no es egoísta. Cuando siente la sequedad de la tierra, libera el
agua, así controlando la humedad de los suelos. Son como compuertas naturales
de la tierra.
El
entretejido de las raíces del bambú, amarra la tierra para evitar la fuga de
nutrientes de los suelos, previniendo la erosión, un factor gravemente
afectando la fertilidad de suelos en El Salvador. Mientras las raíces amarran
los suelos, la abundancia de su hojarasca es generadora de capas fértiles de
suelo en pocos años.
Esto
significa la deforestation, la que causa un gran estrés hídrico:
Esta cosecha
del bambú no significa la desforestación. Significa cortar la grama.
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